气吹式秋后残膜回收机的研究

介绍了新型气吹式秋后残膜回收机的工作原理，对其主要工作零部件起膜铲、切膜辊、捡膜辊的结构及结构参数进行了分析研究，给出了这几个主要零部件结构参数的选取范围，并建立了捡膜辊齿的运动方程。通过分析提出了捡膜辊装置应采用间歇运动回转机构，这样该装置既可保证无漏捡的情况发生，又可获得较好的风机气流通过性。     

国产农用喷雾器喷头性能参数测定与分析

本文介绍了国产喷雾器喷头的几个主要性能参数与国外著名喷头公司产品的对比结果、并提出了改进我国喷头产品的若干建议。如:1.影响侧向进液式喷头喷量变异的因素。2.缝隙式扇雾喷头药液沉积横向分布中的牛角、对喷杆式喷雾器药液沉积分布均匀性有着极坏的影响。     

低循环风速下木材表层水分蒸发的试验研究

木材干燥过程中,介质循环速度是一个影响木材干燥的重要工艺参数.在木材各含水率阶段,通过试验分析研究不同介质循环速度对木材干燥速度的影响.结果表明,介质循环速度对干燥速度的影响显著,但其影响随木材含水率（MC）的降低而减弱.在低介质循环速度条件下,试件MC大于45％时,表现为木材干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）随循环风速的增加而增加,呈显著正相关关系;试件MC介于35％ ～ 45％之间时,正相关关系存在但不显著;试件MC小于35％时,干燥室内循环风速的大小不影响木材的干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）.对试件表层含水率分析,试件表层含水率大于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响显著;试件表层含水率小于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响很小,不同循环风速下试件表层含水率基本一样.     

玛纳斯河流域低洪积扇台地上黄土沉积的年龄与粒度特征

通过对天山北麓玛纳斯河流域低洪积扇台地上的黄土剖面进行粒度分析和光释光测年分析,结果表明,该地区的黄土物质组成以粉沙为主,平均含量为61.62％.粘粒的平均含量为18.99％.剖面中平均粒径、中位数、粘粒含量、细沙含量在剖面中的变化反映了沙尘暴的活动及粉尘堆积的变化.光释光测年的结果表明,该地区的黄土沉积始于7000 aBP左右,属于全新世时期的黄土堆积.     

小型棉花收获机的设计

结合常德市的棉花收获情况,设计了一种小型的棉花收获机械。对该机械的机箱、吸棉管,抽风机采摘头4部分设计过程进行了翔实描述。按该方案研制出的样机采棉效果好,因此该机械具有携带和操作方便、收获速度快等优点,有推广前景。     

牛舍冷风机-风管上置置换通风系统设计及降温效果

为了探索一种高效且运行成本低的牛舍降温方式,该试验通过设计合理的风管布置和开口,采取上置置换通风的模式对肉牛舍降温。该设计方案用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法验证其可行性,并通过实际测试设定风机开启和关闭的适宜时间,试验表明:处理舍系统产生的冷风大量流向牛活动区域,温湿度梯度比对照舍明显,达到了局部降温的节能目的。该系统开启后,10:00-18:00期间,处理舍牛的平均热负荷指数(heat load index,HLI)比对照舍降低7.4(P0.01),平均呼吸频率降低12次/min(P0.01),平均日增质量提高0.37 kg/d(P0.01),缓解了肉牛的热应激,提高了肉牛的养殖效益。处理舍由于相对封闭,故牛活动区域平均相对湿度、CO2和NH3浓度分别比对照舍高26.8%、252 mg/m3、0.54 mg/m3(P0.01),但牛舍环境空气质量符合相关行业标准的要求。该试验为冷风机-风管通风降温系统设计提供了一些参考参数,有利于该系统的优化,并发挥更好的降温效果。     

农业环境控制用轴流通风机设计方法

深入分析研究了农业环境控制用轴流通风机的性能和结构特点。实验分析了墙装式高效通风机进口流速场,并建立了通风机入口轴向流速分布模型。对传统的通风机设计方法进行分析研究后,提出高效的农业环境墙装式轴流通风机的设计方法,并用该方法计算了实例,取得了满意的结果。     

Study on Fans Cooling of Dairy Cowshed with Free Stall in Northern Mountainous Region of Hebei in Summer

The present objective of the study was to investigate the effect of fans cooling on dairy cow in northern mountainous region of Hebei in summer.Two cowsheds with the same structure and feeding technics were used to investigate the effect of fans on indoor temperature and humidity, physiological parameters and milking performance of dairy cow.The results showed that the average ambient temperature in cowshed with fans was 1.5℃ lower than that of the control cowshed, and the average wind velocity was 0.49 m/s higher than that of the control cowshed, reaching to 0.66 m/s.Temperature-humidity index (THI) of cowshed with fans was significantly lower than that of the control shed during the period of fans running (P<0.05).Besides, the rectal temperature and respiration rate of dairy cows in cowshed with fans were significantly lower than of the control cowshed (P<0.05), and the milk yield per cow per day was 17.0% higher than that of the control cowshed (P<0.05), however, the milk fat, milk protein and milk sugar were no significant difference from the control (P>0.05).Overall, fans could decrease indoor environment, moderate heat stress and increase performance and health of dairy cows in northern mountainous region of Hebei.     

2种草本植物根系对崩岗洪积扇土壤分离的影响

为探讨草本植物根系对崩岗洪积扇土壤分离的影响,以宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wettsteinii)和巨菌草(Pennisetumsp.)为研究对象,采用变坡水槽冲刷试验,研究种植草本植物后土壤分离的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:各土层平均土壤分离速率大小为裸地(69.93g/(s·m2))宽叶雀稗(57.42g/(s·m2))巨菌草(43.28g/(s·m2)),且不同植被土壤分离速率均随着土层的加深呈幂函数增加;根长密度是影响土壤分离最重要的根系指标,宽叶雀稗小区土壤分离速率随各根系参数指标的增大呈对数函数下降,而巨菌草区则表现为幂函数下降,体现了不同植被根系构型对土壤分离效应的差异;2种草地土壤分离速率可以用水流剪切力、土壤抗剪强度和根长密度很好的模拟(NSE≥0.90)。研究结果可为崩岗治理措施的配置提供科学依据。     

Seasonal patterns of downstream movement in partially migratory stream‐dwelling Dolly Varden

Migration is a common behaviour among salmonids, but not all individuals within a population migrate, instead becoming residents and remaining in their natal streams. This phenomenon, known as “partial migration,” is well studied among sea‐run and lake‐run populations; however, the lower migratory benefits and costs for mainstem‐run individuals question whether the same mechanisms can be applied for stream‐dwelling salmonids. In this study, we investigated main stem‐run timing and body condition of partially migratory stream‐dwelling Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) in the Shiisorapuchi River in central Hokkaido, Japan. Based on commonly observed patterns in sea‐run and lake‐run salmonids, we predicted that migration would occur during spring and consist predominantly of age 1 +  females with some small subordinate males. Traps were placed at the mouths of two small tributaries along the Shiisorapuchi River periodically from May to December 2015. Adipose fin samples were taken for DNA to sex the individuals. Consistent to initial predictions, downstream movement occurs only once in the spring, dominated by age‐1 +  females. Trapped fishes (presumed migrants) were slightly longer but slimmer compared to the fish caught in the tributaries (presumed resident), which may be equivalent to smolts in anadromous populations. Regardless of migratory habitat, mechanisms driving partial migration in salmonids may be the same as long as production between natal stream and feeding habitats is significantly different.